Keys. We all use them, but how often do we actually think about them? Whether you’re a homeowner, tenant, landlord, or letting agent, understanding the different kinds of keys can be surprisingly useful.
In this easy-to-follow guide, we’ll explore the various types of keys common in UK homes and businesses, how they work with different lock types, and what to consider when choosing the right one for your door. We’ll also touch on types of key systems, and how each of these things tie together into protecting your property.
A Short History Of Keys
The concept of locking things away is far from new. In fact, the earliest known keys date back over 4,000 years to Ancient Egypt, where large wooden mechanisms were used to secure doors. These early locks were very simple, but they did lay the foundation for how we secure our homes and businesses today.
As time went on, locks and keys became more advanced. The Romans developed metal keys (usually iron or bronze), and created compact designs that could even be worn as rings. These innovations allowed for easier everyday use and better overall security.
The major turning point came about in the 18th and 19th centuries, during the Industrial Revolution. This era brought the rise of precision engineering, and the introduction of pin tumbler and lever mechanisms, which are still used in many homes across the UK.
Today, we use a wide range of key types, from traditional mortice and cylinder keys to electrical fobs and digital smart keys. Whilst the materials and technology have changed substantially, the central purpose remains the same: to control access and keep spaces secure.
6 Common Types Of Keys
Today’s keys come in a wide range of forms, each designed to fit perfectly with a specific type of lock or security system. Below are six of the most common different types of keys and how they’re used.
1. Cylinder Keys
Among the most widely recognised, cylinder keys are flat, usually made of brass or nickel-plated steel, and feature a serrated edge or a series of cuts that correspond with pins inside a standard pin tumbler lock (also known as a Euro-cylinder or barrel lock). The cuts vary in depth and spacing, creating a unique key pattern that only a matching lock cylinder will accept.
Common Uses
- Residential and office locks: Most front doors in homes and many standard office doors will use pin tumbler locks that work with cylinder keys.
- Padlocks: Portable padlocks, like those used for sheds or gates, frequently use this kind of key.
- Mailboxes and cabinets: Smaller versions of these keys are used in furniture and small spaces.
Why They’re Popular
Cylinder keys are easy to duplicate and replace, making them a convenient option for most everyday applications. That said, because the keys are so common, the corresponding locks can be vulnerable to picking or bumping unless paired with high-security features like a sacrificial snap line, or another robust door lock.
2. Mortice Keys
Mortice keys are designed to operate mortice locks, which are embedded within a door, rather than mounted on the surface. This kind of key tends to be longer than standard cylinder keys and features a flat blade with notches that interact with levers inside the lock. Mortice locks often offer a higher level of security due to their complex internal workings.
Common Uses
- Older homes and traditional buildings: Many period properties will still use mortice locks for their classic look and robust build.
- Commercial properties: Due to their durability, mortice locks work well for office and retail buildings.
- Internal doors: Less common, but some internal doors (especially in older buildings) may also use mortice locks.
Why They’re Secure
Mortice locks are difficult to pick or force open without damaging the door. Whilst a mortice key might look simple, the lock they control is relatively complex, making it a good option for locations that require long-term security.
3. Dimple Keys
Dimple keys are similar in appearance to standard cylinder keys, but instead of having jagged edges, they feature a series of small, rounded indentations drilled into both sides of the key blade (the dimples in question!). These dimples align with corresponding pin stacks within the lock, creating a secure and more difficult-to-pick mechanism.
Common Uses
- High-security residential doors: Some modern smart locks incorporate dimple technology.
- Office buildings: Businesses will often prefer dimple locks for higher levels of control and security.
- Safes and lockers: Because of their added resistance to tampering, dimple keys are used in some safes.
Why They’re Effective
Dimple keys are harder to duplicate without the specialised equipment, and their locks tend to have more pin variations, making them much tougher to manipulate without authorisation.
Image credit: Phoenix EZ Keys
4. Tubular Keys
Tubular keys are cylindrical in shape and work with tubular pin tumbler locks. The cuts on the key are arranged around the outside of the cylinder, unlike more standard keys with cuts along one edge. This type of key is inserted into the lock and turned just like any other key, but its round design offers increased protection against picking.
Common Uses
- Vending machines and kiosks: Many machines use tubular locks for quick but secure access.
- ATMs and cash-handling systems: Tubular keys are an attractive choice for high-security requirements.
- Bicycle locks: Some chain locks and U-locks will incorporate tubular key mechanisms.
- High-end display cabinets: Sometimes used where moderate security and quick access are required.
Why They’re Useful
Tubular locks are compact and durable, offering moderate to high resistance to tampering. Their design is ideal for settings where locks are frequently used, yet still require a reliable level of security.
5. Skeleton Keys
Skeleton keys are much more common in antique locks. They typically have a very simple design – usually a single, uncut blade with a rounded or decorated bow. They are made to bypass obstructions inside a warded lock, hence the name ‘skeleton’ as they are stripped down to only the bare bones.
Common Uses
- Antique furniture and wardrobes: Many vintage chests, desks, wardrobes etc. will use warded locks.
- Old doors in historic buildings: Original doors in older buildings may still be equipped with warded locks.
- Collectibles and display items: Skeleton keys are sometimes collected for their historical and aesthetic value.
Why They’re Nostalgic
Whilst not secure by today’s standards, skeleton keys are prized for their charm and historical value. In modern usage, they’re typically found primarily as decorative elements.
6. Smart Keys and Key Alternatives
To go from one extreme to another, smart keys are increasingly becoming the future of security. Rather than using traditional metal blades, smart keys rely on digital signals, microchips, or encrypted codes to grant access. Common contraptions include key fobs, RFID cards, fingerprint scanners, numeric keypads, and even smartphone-based entry systems.
Common Uses
- Modern vehicles: Most new cars will come with key fobs or proximity-based smart keys for keyless entry and quick ignition.
- Smart home locks: Wi-Fi and Bluetooth-enabled locks can be controlled remotely via smartphone apps.
- Hotels and offices: Access cards and RFID badges are widely used in commercial access control.
- High-security safes and doors: Biometric and digital access systems provide precise and monitored access.
Why They’re Cutting Edge
Smart keys offer not only convenience but also improved security through features like access logs, remote locking, and temporary digital keys. They’re also easier to integrate with home automation systems.
Specialised Key Systems
While standard keys serve everyday purposes well, there are situations – especially in commercial, institutional, or multi-tenant settings – where more control and flexibility are required. That’s where specialised key systems come into play. These systems are designed to provide layered access, improved security, and restricted duplication. Here are the two main types:
Master Keying
Master keying is a system in which one “master key” can open multiple locks, each of which also has its own unique key. This is achieved by arranging the lock cylinders to accept multiple key configurations by using extra pin stacks. Essentially, one lock can be operated by both its individual key and a higher-level master key.
In more complex systems, you can even introduce “grandmaster keys”, which operate multiple master key groups. For example, individual staff might have keys for their offices, a department head has a key for their entire floor, and a facility manager holds a grandmaster key that opens everything.
Restricted Keys
Restricted keys are keys that are specially designed so they cannot be duplicated without proper authorisation. Usually, they are part of a patented system, meaning that only licensed locksmiths or key system managers can cut copies, and usually only with written approval and relevant documentation.
This makes restricted keys an excellent choice for businesses, schools, healthcare facilities, and government buildings – essentially anywhere that needs tight control over who can access specific areas.
Security Considerations and British Standards
When it comes to choosing between different kinds of keys – especially in commercial or multi-residential settings – security should be as important, if not more important, than convenience. Ensuring that your locks meet established safety standards is vital for protecting property, complying with insurance requirements, and providing peace of mind.
The most widely recognised certification is BS3621, issued by the British Standards Institution. Locks that meet this standard are tested for robustness and tamper resistance and are often required by home or landlord insurance providers.
In addition to meeting British Standards, other security considerations include using restricted key systems to prevent unauthorised key duplication, and choosing locks with built-in anti-snap, anti-pick, and anti-drill measures. For digital or smart locks, it’s important to ensure that they comply with relevant standards like the BS EN 14846 for electromechanical locks to ensure they are not vulnerable to hacking.
Finally, professional installation is critical. Even the highest-rated lock won’t perform well if it’s poorly fitted. Always use a qualified locksmith – their expertise will ensure not only a secure fit but also compliance with safety standards.
Finding Your Key To Security
They might seem simple on the surface, but as we’ve explored, there are so many different kinds of keys out there, each designed to meet different levels of security and convenience. From everyday cylinder and mortice keys to higher-security tubular models, the right choice will depend on your specific priorities and environment.
If you need help choosing the right key system, reach out to your local locksmith. At The York Locksmith Company, we’re always happy to help you navigate your options.
